NKT cells activated by GM-CSF support antigen-specific responses of naïve and memory T cells. NKT cells (1×104/well; γ-irradiated) were cultured with autologous T cells (CD45RA+, 1×105/well; CD45RO+, 2×105/well), GM-CSF, and HC polypeptide of tetanus toxin (50 µg/ml). Cell proliferation was measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine. With antigen added (•); without antigen (○). Representative data from three experiments are shown, presented as the mean of triplicate measurements ± SD.