Figure 7.

Retinoic acid (RA) inhibits nuclear factor κB (NFκB) binding activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). THP-1 cell nuclear protein extracts, as described in Fig. 5, were also tested for NFκB activity. (a) EMSA showing binding to a NFκB binding element in cells treated with RA, LPS, TNF-α and their combinations. (b) Competition and supershift assays showing the specificity of the binding complex. The nuclear protein extract was from the 2 hr LPS plus TNF-α treated sample.