Table 3.

Metformin and Placebo Changes During DPP, by Age at Randomization

Treatment Group	Metabolic and Activity Variables	25–44 Years (A)	45–59 Years (B)	60–85 Years (C)	Overall p Value
Metformin	Weight change, kg	−1.5 (0.3)	−1.7 (0.2)	−2.7 (0.3)	.001*,†
	Waist circumference change, cm	−1.2 (0.4)	−1.7 (0.3)	−2.8 (0.3)	.001*,†
	Percent adherent to medication	66	73	71	.01#
	Recreational activity change (MET-h/wk)	−3.0 (1.7)	−1.1 (1.2)	15.6 (2.1)	<.001*,†
	Leisure activity change (MET-h/wk)	−0.9 (1.0)	1.8 (0.8)	3.1 (1.2)	.04
	Percent change in calorie intake (at 1 y)	−11 (2)	−3 (1)	−4 (1)	.08
Placebo	Weight change, kg	0.5 (0.3)	0.1 (0.2)	−0.2 (0.3)	.19
	Waist circumference change, cm	−0.0 (0.3)	−0.5 (0.2)	−0.4 (0.3)	.46
	Percent adherent to medication	70	77	81	.001#,*
	Recreational activity change (MET-h/wk)	−0.9 (1.5)	3.7 (1.4)	12.8 (2.5)	<.001#,*,†
	Leisure activity change (MET-h/wk)	−1.6 (0.8)	0.2 (0.7)	4.2 (1.4)	<.01†
	Percent change in calorie intake (at 1 y)	−5 (2)	−6 (2)	1 (1)	.06

Notes: Continuous data are presented as mean (standard error) and change is from baseline, averaged throughout the study from repeated-measures models. Means are estimated with baseline values adjusted. Percent at goal variables are estimated from generalized estimating equation (GEE) models except for caloric intake. Pair-wise comparisons (p < .05) are marked as:

^#(A vs B)

^*(A vs C)

^†(B vs C).

DPP = Diabetes Prevention Program; MET = metabolic equivalent.