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The JNK pathway as a therapeutic target for diabetes. Oxidative stress mediated by chronic diabetic conditions activates JNK in several cells, such as liver-, fat-, muscle-, as well as β-cells, leads to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The JNK pathway can be suppressed by JNK inhibitory peptide, JIP-1-HIV-TAT-FITC. Treatment with JIP-1 decreases non-fasting blood glucose levels and improves glucose tolerance in mice significantly.
