Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1996 Sep;178(18):5546–5549. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.18.5546-5549.1996

Physical and genetic chromosomal map of an M type 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes.

A N Suvorov 1, J J Ferretti 1
PMCID: PMC178384  PMID: 8808951

Abstract

A physical map of the chromosome of an M type 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes was constructed following digestion with three different restriction enzymes, SmaI, SfiI, and SgrAI, and separation and analysis of fragments by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The genome size of this strain was estimated to be 1,920 kb. By employing Southern hybridization and PCR analysis, 36 genes were located on the map.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (178.4 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chen C. C., Cleary P. P. Complete nucleotide sequence of the streptococcal C5a peptidase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes. J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 25;265(6):3161–3167. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cleary P. P., Kaplan E. L., Handley J. P., Wlazlo A., Kim M. H., Hauser A. R., Schlievert P. M. Clonal basis for resurgence of serious Streptococcus pyogenes disease in the 1980s. Lancet. 1992 Feb 29;339(8792):518–521. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90339-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cleuziat P., Awadé A., Robert-Baudouy J. Molecular characterization of pcp, the structural gene encoding the pyrrolidone carboxylyl peptidase from Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Aug;6(15):2051–2063. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01378.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Courtney H. S., Li Y., Dale J. B., Hasty D. L. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding protein from group A streptococci. Infect Immun. 1994 Sep;62(9):3937–3946. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.9.3937-3946.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. DeAngelis P. L., Papaconstantinou J., Weigel P. H. Molecular cloning, identification, and sequence of the hyaluronan synthase gene from group A Streptococcus pyogenes. J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 15;268(26):19181–19184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dougherty B. A., van de Rijn I. Molecular characterization of hasB from an operon required for hyaluronic acid synthesis in group A streptococci. Demonstration of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 5;268(10):7118–7124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fogg G. C., Gibson C. M., Caparon M. G. The identification of rofA, a positive-acting regulatory component of prtF expression: use of an m gamma delta-based shuttle mutagenesis strategy in Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Feb;11(4):671–684. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00345.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fonstein M., Haselkorn R. Physical mapping of bacterial genomes. J Bacteriol. 1995 Jun;177(12):3361–3369. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.12.3361-3369.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hantman M. J., Sun S., Piggot P. J., Daneo-Moore L. Chromosome organization of Streptococcus mutans GS-5. J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Jan;139(1):67–77. doi: 10.1099/00221287-139-1-67. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hauser A. R., Schlievert P. M. Nucleotide sequence of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type B gene and relationship between the toxin and the streptococcal proteinase precursor. J Bacteriol. 1990 Aug;172(8):4536–4542. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.8.4536-4542.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Holm S. E., Norrby A., Bergholm A. M., Norgren M. Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988-1989. J Infect Dis. 1992 Jul;166(1):31–37. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.1.31. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hynes W. L., Ferretti J. J. Sequence analysis and expression in Escherichia coli of the hyaluronidase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage H4489A. Infect Immun. 1989 Feb;57(2):533–539. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.2.533-539.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Itaya M. An estimation of minimal genome size required for life. FEBS Lett. 1995 Apr 10;362(3):257–260. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00233-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Iwasaki M., Igarashi H., Hinuma Y., Yutsudo T. Cloning, characterization and overexpression of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene encoding a new type of mitogenic factor. FEBS Lett. 1993 Sep 27;331(1-2):187–192. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80323-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kehoe M. A., Miller L., Walker J. A., Boulnois G. J. Nucleotide sequence of the streptolysin O (SLO) gene: structural homologies between SLO and other membrane-damaging, thiol-activated toxins. Infect Immun. 1987 Dec;55(12):3228–3232. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.12.3228-3232.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kil K. S., Cunningham M. W., Barnett L. A. Cloning and sequence analysis of a gene encoding a 67-kilodalton myosin-cross-reactive antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes reveals its similarity with class II major histocompatibility antigens. Infect Immun. 1994 Jun;62(6):2440–2449. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.6.2440-2449.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Krawiec S., Riley M. Organization of the bacterial chromosome. Microbiol Rev. 1990 Dec;54(4):502–539. doi: 10.1128/mr.54.4.502-539.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kreikemeyer B., Talay S. R., Chhatwal G. S. Characterization of a novel fibronectin-binding surface protein in group A streptococci. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Jul;17(1):137–145. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17010137.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lampe M. F., Bott K. F. Genetic and physical organization of the cloned gyrA and gyrB genes of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1985 Apr;162(1):78–84. doi: 10.1128/jb.162.1.78-84.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lottenberg R., Broder C. C., Boyle M. D., Kain S. J., Schroeder B. L., Curtiss R., 3rd Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in Escherichia coli of a streptococcal plasmin receptor. J Bacteriol. 1992 Aug;174(16):5204–5210. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.16.5204-5210.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Malke H., Ferretti J. J. Streptokinase: cloning, expression, and excretion by Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(11):3557–3561. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.11.3557. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. McClelland M., Petersen C., Welsh J. Length polymorphisms in tRNA intergenic spacers detected by using the polymerase chain reaction can distinguish streptococcal strains and species. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Jun;30(6):1499–1504. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.6.1499-1504.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Menguito C. A., Keherly M. J., Tang C., Papaconstantinou J., Weigel P. H. Molecular cloning, sequence, structural analysis and expression of the histidyl-tRNA synthetase gene from Streptococcus equisimilis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Feb 11;21(3):615–620. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.3.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Murray B. E., Singh K. V., Ross R. P., Heath J. D., Dunny G. M., Weinstock G. M. Generation of restriction map of Enterococcus faecalis OG1 and investigation of growth requirements and regions encoding biosynthetic function. J Bacteriol. 1993 Aug;175(16):5216–5223. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.16.5216-5223.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Norgren M., Norrby A., Holm S. E. Genetic diversity in T1M1 group A streptococci in relation to clinical outcome of infection. J Infect Dis. 1992 Nov;166(5):1014–1020. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.5.1014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Partridge J., King J., Krska J., Rockabrand D., Blum P. Cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae DnaK protein. Infect Immun. 1993 Feb;61(2):411–417. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.2.411-417.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Perez-Casal J., Caparon M. G., Scott J. R. Mry, a trans-acting positive regulator of the M protein gene of Streptococcus pyogenes with similarity to the receptor proteins of two-component regulatory systems. J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(8):2617–2624. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.8.2617-2624.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Reda K. B., Kapur V., Mollick J. A., Lamphear J. G., Musser J. M., Rich R. R. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic distribution of the streptococcal superantigen gene (ssa) from Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun. 1994 May;62(5):1867–1874. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.5.1867-1874.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Roussel Y., Pebay M., Guedon G., Simonet J. M., Decaris B. Physical and genetic map of Streptococcus thermophilus A054. J Bacteriol. 1994 Dec;176(24):7413–7422. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.24.7413-7422.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Römling U., Greipel J., Tümmler B. Gradient of genomic diversity in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Jul;17(2):323–332. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17020323.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Schneewind O., Jones K. F., Fischetti V. A. Sequence and structural characteristics of the trypsin-resistant T6 surface protein of group A streptococci. J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3310–3317. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.6.3310-3317.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Scott J. R., Cleary P., Caparon M. G., Kehoe M., Heden L., Musser J. M., Hollingshead S., Podbielski A. New name for the positive regulator of the M protein of group A streptococcus. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Aug;17(4):799–799. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17040799.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sechi L. A., Daneo-Moore L. Characterization of intergenic spacers in two rrn operons of Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790. J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(10):3213–3219. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.10.3213-3219.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Shibata C., Ehara T., Tomura K., Igarashi K., Kobayashi H. Gene structure of Enterococcus hirae (Streptococcus faecalis) F1F0-ATPase, which functions as a regulator of cytoplasmic pH. J Bacteriol. 1992 Oct;174(19):6117–6124. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.19.6117-6124.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Single L. A., Martin D. R. Clonal differences within M-types of the group A Streptococcus revealed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 Feb 1;70(1):85–89. doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(92)90567-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Talay S. R., Valentin-Weigand P., Jerlström P. G., Timmis K. N., Chhatwal G. S. Fibronectin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes: sequence of the binding domain involved in adherence of streptococci to epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 1992 Sep;60(9):3837–3844. doi: 10.1128/iai.60.9.3837-3844.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Tao L., Hollingshead S. K., Suvorov A. N., Ferretti J. J., McShan W. M. Construction of a Streptococcus pyogenes recA mutant via insertional inactivation, and cloning and sequencing of the complete recA gene. Gene. 1995 Aug 30;162(1):59–62. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00273-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Tulloch D. L., Finch L. R., Hillier A. J., Davidson B. E. Physical map of the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis DL11 and localization of six putative rRNA operons. J Bacteriol. 1991 May;173(9):2768–2775. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.9.2768-2775.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES