Table 1.
Means and Standard Deviations of Study Variables by Child's Sex
| Total |
Girls |
Boys |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD |
| Mother ratings T1 | ||||||
| Inhibitory control (n = 209) | 4.59 | 0.90 | 4.84 | 0.67 | 4.38 | 0.99 |
| Attentional regulation (n = 209) | 4.33 | 0.72 | 4.48 | 0.62 | 4.21 | 0.78 |
| Impulsivity (n = 209) | 4.55 | 0.84 | 4.43 | 0.87 | 4.64 | 0.79 |
| Resiliency (n = 211) | 6.14 | 1.25 | 6.09 | 1.26 | 6.18 | 1.24 |
| Internalizing problems (n = 209) | 9.70 | 6.62 | 9.34 | 5.68 | 10.00 | 7.32 |
| Externalizing problems (n = 209) | 15.33 | 9.08 | 13.71 | 7.73 | 16.68 | 9.90 |
| Anger (n = 209) | 4.81 | 0.87 | 4.73 | 0.83 | 4.88 | 0.91 |
| Sadness (n = 209) | 4.41 | 0.76 | 4.53 | 0.83 | 4.31 | 0.69 |
| Father ratings T1 | ||||||
| Internalizing problems (n = 116) | 7.05 | 6.70 | 8.23 | 7.11 | 6.33 | 6.39 |
| Externalizing problems (n = 116) | 11.72 | 8.14 | 9.96 | 6.34 | 12.81 | 8.92 |
| Teacher ratings T1 | ||||||
| Inhibitory control (n = 195) | 5.03 | 1.07 | 5.36 | 0.91 | 4.73 | 1.12 |
| Attentional regulation (n = 195) | 4.82 | 1.04 | 5.03 | 1.01 | 4.64 | 1.03 |
| Impulsivity (n = 194) | 4.12 | 1.16 | 3.91 | 1.04 | 4.30 | 1.24 |
| Resiliency (n = 193) | 6.55 | 1.36 | 6.53 | 1.31 | 6.57 | 1.41 |
| Externalizing problems (n = 194) | 8.32 | 10.32 | 5.86 | 8.37 | 10.45 | 11.37 |
| Anger (n = 193) | 3.82 | 1.29 | 3.61 | 1.22 | 3.99 | 1.33 |
| Sadness (n = 180) | 3.58 | 0.88 | 3.69 | 0.86 | 3.49 | 0.89 |
| Observed persistence (n = 212) | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.62 | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.30 |
| Mother ratings T2 | ||||||
| Inhibitory control (n = 185) | 4.77 | 0.89 | 4.90 | 0.75 | 4.65 | 0.98 |
| Attentional regulation (n = 184) | 4.42 | 0.76 | 4.51 | 0.71 | 4.34 | 0.79 |
| Impulsivity (n = 183) | 4.43 | 0.84 | 4.25 | 0.87 | 4.57 | 0.79 |
| Resiliency (n = 185) | 6.18 | 1.25 | 6.20 | 1.24 | 6.16 | 1.25 |
| Internalizing problems (n = 192) | 8.66 | 9.78 | 8.91 | 7.00 | 8.45 | 6.62 |
| Externalizing problems (n = 192) | 12.58 | 7.79 | 11.52 | 6.79 | 13.46 | 8.47 |
| Anger (n = 183) | 4.58 | 0.90 | 4.59 | 0.90 | 4.58 | 0.90 |
| Sadness (n = 183) | 4.30 | 0.81 | 4.51 | 0.82 | 4.13 | 0.76 |
| Father ratings T2 | ||||||
| Internalizing problems (n = 115) | 6.17 | 6.07 | 6.57 | 6.52 | 5.78 | 5.63 |
| Externalizing problems (n = 115) | 9.48 | 6.04 | 8.70 | 4.89 | 10.22 | 6.93 |
| Teacher ratings T2 | ||||||
| Inhibitory control (n = 178) | 4.90 | 1.18 | 5.30 | 1.08 | 4.54 | 1.15 |
| Attentional regulation (n = 180) | 4.78 | 1.02 | 5.06 | 0.92 | 4.53 | 1.04 |
| Impulsivity (n = 177) | 4.12 | 1.04 | 3.91 | 1.04 | 4.32 | 1.01 |
| Resiliency (n = 178) | 6.54 | 1.46 | 6.72 | 1.37 | 6.38 | 1.52 |
| Externalizing problems (n = 180) | 9.11 | 11.51 | 6.40 | 8.67 | 11.53 | 13.13 |
| Anger (n = 170) | 3.67 | 1.32 | 3.43 | 1.29 | 3.89 | 1.31 |
| Sadness (n = 169) | 3.68 | 0.99 | 3.72 | 0.93 | 3.64 | 1.05 |
| Observed persistence (n = 174) | 0.69 | 0.29 | 0.72 | 0.28 | 0.66 | 0.30 |
Note. T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2.