Phenotype of HNF-3α mutant mice. (A) Growth curves of littermate wild-type +/+, heterozygous +/−, and homozygous HNF-3α−/− mice. (B) Stomach and duodenum of 2-day-old wild-type (+/+) and HNF-3α-null (−/−) mice. (C) Serum glucose concentrations in newborn (0), 3-, and 5-day-old mice. (D) Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. (E) Serum glucagon and insulin levels of 3-day-old mice. (F) Serum cortisol and growth hormone concentrations of 3- to 5-day-old littermates. (G) Measurements of serum glucose and insulin levels in 3-day-old mice 60 minutes after intraabdominal glucose administration. Blood glucose (H)and serum insulin (I)levels during an intraabdominal glucose administration in adult wild-type and heterozygous littermates. Numbers in brackets indicate number of animals studied. ∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.005; ∗∗∗, P < 0.0005.