Table 1.
Genetic distances and estimated times since divergence from rate calibrations from fossil data (0.6%/my) and Panamanian divergence (1.6%/my) between nonplanktonic species and their closest relative with a planktonic larval phase (see Fig. 2)
| Nonplanktonic species | Closest sister taxon | Genetic distance, % | Minimum estimate of time since divergence, mya
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fossil rate | Panamanian rate | |||
| C. magus | C. consors | 0.4 | 0.67 | 0.25 |
| C. furvus | C. litteratus | 1.5 | 2.50 | 0.94 |
| C. cinereus | C. circumactus* | 3.0 | 5.00 | 1.88 |
| C. pennaceus | C. omaria | 3.4 | 5.67 | 2.13 |
| C. araneosus | C. bandanus | 3.5 | 5.83 | 2.19 |
| C. anemone | C. balteatus | 6.2 | 10.33 | 3.88 |
| C. proximus | C. pulicarius | 6.2 | 10.33 | 3.88 |
| C. cinereus | C. leopardus | 7.1 | 11.83 | 4.44 |
| C. boeticus | C. parvulus* | 7.3 | 12.17 | 4.56 |
*
Mode of development is unknown.