Table 1.
Over-represented GO groups and promoter consensus sequences
| Cluster | GO group |
| Cluster 1 | Metabolism |
| Biosynthesis | |
| Cell organization and biogenesis | |
| Amino acid metabolism | |
| Nucleotide metabolism | |
| Protein metabolism | |
| Nucleotide biosynthesis | |
| Carboxylic acid metabolism | |
| tRNA modification | |
| Ribosome biogenesis and assembly | |
| Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolism | |
| Glutamate biosynthesis | |
| TGAAAA/TTTTCA | |
| GAAAAA/TTTTTC | |
| Cluster 2 | Cell growth and/or maintenance |
| Mitotic cell cycle | |
| Physiologic process | |
| Nuclear organization and biogenesis | |
| Organelle organization and biogenesis | |
| Cytoplasm organization and biogenesis | |
| Cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis | |
| Morphogenesis | |
| Reproduction | |
| AAATTT/AAATTT | |
| GAAAAA/TTTTTC | |
| Cluster 3 | Ribosome biogenesis |
| Cytoplasm organization and biogenesis | |
| RNA metabolism | |
| Aerobic respiration | |
| Nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolism | |
| Cell growth and/or maintenance | |
| AATTCA/TGAATT | |
| Cluster 4 | Lipid metabolism |
| Steroid metabolism | |
| Amino acid biosynthesis | |
| Glutamine family amino acid biosynthesis | |
| Cell growth and/or maintenance | |
| Arginine biosynthesis | |
| ATAACA/TGTTAT | |
| Cluster 5 | Cell growth and/or maintenance |
| Protein modification | |
| Protein amino acid phosphorylation | |
| Organelle organisation and biogenesis | |
| Cell wall organization and biogenesis | |
| Cell organization and biogenesis | |
| Signal transduction | |
| Cytokinesis | |
| Amino acid biosynthesis | |
| Cluster 6 | DNA replication and chromosome cycle |
| Cluster 7 | - |
| Cluster 8 | Transport |
| GAAAAA/TTTTTC | |
| Cluster 9 | Steroid metabolism |
| Alcohol metabolism | |
| Ergosterol biosynthesis | |
| Ammonium transport | |
| Biological process unknown | |
| Cluster 10 | Carboxylic acid metabolism |
| Sporulation | |
| Nitrogen utilization | |
| Carnitine metabolism | |
| Main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism | |
| Energy pathways | |
| Sporulation | |
| Cluster 11 | RNA splicing |
| mRNA metabolism | |
| Regulation of transcription | |
| Cluster 12 | Meiosis |
| Meiotic prophase I | |
| Nuclear division | |
| Response to stimulus | |
| AAGGGG/CCCCTT | |
| Cluster 13 | Autophagy |
| Vitamin metabolism | |
| Fatty acid β-oxidation | |
| Response to water | |
| Biological process unknown | |
| AAGGGG/CCCCTT | |
| AGGGAG/CTCCCT | |
| AAAAGG/CCTTTT | |
| AAAGGG/CCCTTT | |
| AGGGGG/CCCCCT | |
Shown are over-represented GO [61,62] groups and promoter consensus sequences in the 13 clusters of growth regulated genes. GO groups describing a cellular process with P < 10-4 were considered significant and included in the table. If the same set of genes was found in two or more neighbouring GO groups, only one GO term is included [63]. Hexamers, found in the 800 base pair upstream region of ORFs in a cluster, were considered significantly over-represented when E < 10-2 [64,65]. GO, Gene Ontology; ORF, open reading frame.