Table 10.
Functional assessment
| Reference | N | Test or question | Result | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | Appl | ||||
| [11] | 14 | Daytime function | – | – | 14/14 reported improvement |
| [25] | 7 | Sleepiness | – | – | Improved |
| [26] | 44 | Vigilance | 0.5 | 0.4 | Reaction time (p < 0.05) |
| [27] | 5 | Daytime sleepiness | – | – | “Daytime somnolence was eliminated or diminished markedly” |
| [28] | 12 | Daytime somnolence | – | – | “9/12 patients reported increased alertness and/or reduction in daytime sleepiness” |
| [34] | 63 | Prevalence of daytime sleepiness | – | – | “51% of these patients reported no more sleepiness with orthosis use” |
| [35] | 12 | Daytime sleepiness | – | – | “Daytime sleepiness was improved...in all but two patients” |
| [33] | 14 | Symptom score (including sleepiness) | 5.5 | 1.1 | Significant(p < 0.001) improvement in daytime symptoms |
| [38] | 24 | Sleepiness and improvement using 0–10 Likert scale | 6.4 | – | Improvement on 0–10 Likert scale = 4.5 at 36 months |
| [42] | 51 | Patients tired; patients sleepy | 44 | 30 | |
| [44] | 30 | No. of mistakes in vigilance test | 7.6 | 3.7 | p < 0.05 |
| [45] | 21 | EDS daytime symptoms | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1–5 scale; p < 0.0001) for all symptoms |
| [46] | 25 | Prevalence of EDS | 84% | 40% | p < 0.005; significant reduction in prevalence of other symptoms |
| [47] | 23 | Patients with EDS | 23 | 20 | |
| [49] | 14 | EDS using VAS | – | – | Reduction in scores (p < 0.05) in 6 of 14 patients who were compliant with treatment |
| [50] | 20 | ESS | 10.3 | 4.7 | p < 0.05; EDS improved in 13/20 patients |
| [53] | 14 | ESS | 12 | 4.5 | Median score, p < 0.005 |
| [53] | 9 | ESS | 7 | 4 | Median score, p < 0.005 |
| [54] | 44 | Patients with daytime sleepiness | 44 | 34 | |
| [58] | 14 | Patients with moderate and severe daytime somnolence | 10 | 0 | |
| [59] | 41 | Daytime sleepiness on 1–5 scale | – | – | Prospective, randomized, UPPP group and OA group; “in comparison with their baseline values...a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in subjective daytime sleepiness” |
| [60] | 75 | ESS | 11 | 7 | p < 0.0005 |
| [107] | 90 | Quality of life (vitality+contentment+sleep) | 129 | 94 | Significant improvement compared to baseline; two parallel groups—OA vs UPPP; no difference in vitality and sleep |
| [66] | 112 | No. of patients “refreshed by sleep” | – | 66/114 | “Most of the regular users had an improvement in their quality of sleep and day time somnolence...” |
| [68] | 24 | ESS | 13.1 | 8.6 | p < 0.001; identical result for two different MAAs |
| [71] | 22 | No. of patients whose sleepiness disappeared | 17/22 | “17 (85%) of 22 patients reported subjective improvement in excessive daytime sleepiness” | |
| [72] | 24 | ESS | 10.1 | 3.9 | p < 0.01 |
| [73] | 22 | ESS | 12 | 7.5 | p < 0.05 at 12 to 30 months follow-up |
| [75] | 24 | ESS | 7.5 | 6.5 | p < 0.01; randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of non-apneic snorers |
| [76] | 19 | No. of patients reporting reduction in EDS | 13/19 | ||
| [77] | 23 | ESS | 18 | 12 | p < 0.0001; identical result for two different MAAs |
| [81] | 26 | Questionnaire: EDS | 1.61 | Scale from −3 (maximum deterioration) to +3 (maximum improvement) | |
| [87] | 34 | ESS | 13 | 7.7 | After 28 days, only 11 patients continued to wear MAA; initial ESS based on 34 patients, final—on 11 |
| [88] | 24 | ESS | 13.4 | 9.0 | p < 0.001; randomized crossover vs CPAP |
| [85] | 48 | ESS | 14 | 12 | NS; randomized crossover vs CPAP; extensive tests of daytime function; “these results do not support these MRS devices as first-line treatment for sleepy patients with SAHS” |
| [82] | 73 | ESS | 11 | 9 | p < 0.0001); “the proportion of patients with normal subjective sleepiness was significantly higher with the MAS than with the control device (82 vs 62%, p < 0.01), but this was not so for objective sleepiness (48% vs 34%, p = 0.08)” |
| [86] | 18 | ESS | 12.6 | 11.6 | NS; randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of apneic snorers |
| [89] | 42 | ESS | 11.5 | 7.5 | p < 0.001; prospective randomized comparing 50% and 75% protrusion; result for 75%; initial value—42 patients, final value—40 |
| [90] | 55 | Questionnaire: EDS | Randomized comparison of two protrusions; “82% of patients in 50% group (n = 29) and 84% in 75% group (n = 26) reported a decrease in daytime sleepiness” | ||
| [96] | 29 | ESS | 9.4 | 6.9 | p < 0.001 |
| [92] | 80 | ESS | 10.2 | 9.2 | p < 0.001; randomized vs placebo pill and CPAP |
| [93] | 40 | ESS | 12.0 | 5.1 | p < 0.001 |
| [97] | 20 | ESS | 8.8 | 5.4 | p < 0.05 |
| [98] | 42 | ESS | 10 | 6 | p < 0.02; median values |
| [19] | 27 | ESS | 9 | 6 | p < 0.001; median values |
| [100] | 16 | ESS | 10 | 8 | Median values |
| [101] | 161 | ESS | 11 | 7 | In users of OA; in 90 non-users—ESS fell from 11.1 to 8.1 |
| [115] | 67 | Concentration, energy levels, sleep quality, ESS | 9.7 | – | ESS given; 29–59% of responders reported improvement |
| [122] | 73 | ESS and full battery of neuropsychological measures | 5.0 | 4.2 | Total score of all self-report measures given; prospective, randomized, placebo-appliance-controlled 4 weeks study |