Table 1.
Characteristics of studies on lifestyle interventions included in review
| Trial | Population | Interventions | Definitions of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pan, China (1997)w22 | n=530 Chinese with impaired glucose tolerance. All >25 years, 283 men, 247 women | Diet group received individual and group counselling sessions, those with BMI >25 encouraged to lose weight. Exercise group encouraged to increase their daily exercise. Diet and exercise group received both interventions as above. Control group received routine advice | WHO 1985 criteria |
| Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS), Finland (2003)25 | n=522, overweight with impaired glucose tolerance, 67% women | Control group received limited advice on diet and exercise; intervention group given tailored, detailed advice on diet, weight reduction, and exercise | WHO 1985 criteria |
| JDPP, Japan (2005)w18 | n=240 with impaired glucose tolerance, 49% women, mean age 51, mean BMI 25 | Control group received standard diet and exercise advice. Intervention group encouraged to lose weight if necessary, walk for 700 kcals worth/week, and change their diet with help of dietician | WHO 1999 criteria |
| Kosaka, Japan (2005)w27 | n=356 men with impaired glucose tolerance, aged 30-70 | Control group advised to lose weight if BMI ≥24 and intervention group if BMI ≥22 by eating smaller meals and increasing physical activity. Advice repeated every 6 months for controls and 3-4 months for intervention group | WHO criteria in 1980 |
| Liao, USA (2002)w29 | n=70 Japanese Americans with impaired glucose tolerance, 55% female | Intervention group put on the American Heart Association step 2 diet, plus 1 hr endurance exercise three times/week. Control group recommended less intensive step 1 diet and stretching exercises three times/week | WHO criteria in 1998 |
| Tao, China (2004)w21 | n=60 with impaired glucose tolerance, 43% female, aged 34-65, mean age 51 | Both groups received dietary advice. Intervention group also received regular moderately intensive exercise training | WHO 1999 criteria |
| Wein, Australia (1999)w35 | n=200 women with previous gestational diabetes and currently with impaired glucose tolerance | Intervention group received advice on intensive dietary modification, control group given routine advice | WHO 1985 criteria |
BMI=body mass index.