Production of lactate during the two-phase fermentation of ALS974. Cells were grown aerobically to an OD600 of 30, with NH4OH for pH control, and then switched to anaerobic conditions (at approximately 14 h), with 30% Ca(OH)2 for pH control. After the initial 20 g/liter glucose was reduced to 10 g/liter, glucose was automatically fed to maintain a concentration above 10 g/liter. The figure shows OD600s (▵) and concentrations of lactate (▪), acetate (▿), pyruvate (♦), and succinate (⋄).