TABLE 3.
Common trends of gene loss and gain of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillales
| Functional group of genes | Examples of genes/systems lost (gaineda) in B. longum | Also lost (gaineda) in: |
|---|---|---|
| Sugar and energy metabolism | Heme/copper-type cytochrome/quinol oxidases (cyoABCDE) | LCAb of Lactobacillales |
| Amino acid metabolism | Glycine cleavage system (gcvTRP) | LCA of Lactobacillales |
| Cofactor biosynthesis | Most of heme biosynthesis (hemABCDEFLY) | LCA of Lactobacillales |
| Fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism | Most of the genes in the pathways (accABCD, fabHB) | Common ancestor of L. johnsonii and L. gasseri |
| Transporters | Multisubunit Na+/H+ antiporter (mnhABCDEFG) | LCA of Lactobacillales |
| Na+/alanine symporter (alsT) | ||
| LCA of Lactobacillales | ||
| Oxidative stress | Catalase (katE) | LCA of Lactobacillales |
| Amino acid metabolism | Dipeptidase (pepD) | LCA of Lactobacillales |
a
Gains are shown in boldface.
b
LCA, last common ancestor.