Inhibition of TNF-α does not require JAK1 activity. Monocytes were incubated with JAK1 inhibitor for 1 h prior to treatment with 1 ng/ml LPS in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml cmvIL-10. After 18 h, supernatants were collected and TNF-α levels were detected via sandwich ELISA (R&D Systems). Gray bars, LPS treatment only; black bars, LPS plus cmvIL-10. Error bars show standard deviations. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, and differences in TNF-α production between cmv-IL-10-treated and untreated monocytes were significant regardless of inhibitor dose. *, P < 0.01. Results are representative of experiments performed on cells from five different donors in 96-well plates with 5 × 104 cells per well.