FIG. 3.

Inhibition of glycolysis and respiratory chain. PHO (A, C, E, and G) and MG63 cells (B, D, F, and H) were treated with iodoacetic acid (inhibition of glycolysis), antimycin A (inhibition of respiratory chain complex III), rotenone (inhibition of respiratory chain complex I), or sodium azide (inhibition of respiratory chain complex IV) in different concentrations for 48 h. Proliferation was determined via BrdU incorporation, metabolic activity via MTT assay, and glycolytic activity by means of lactate production. The untreated control was defined as 100% proliferation, metabolic activity, or lactate production, and all other values were calculated in relation to the control values. Displayed are representative graphs of the particular experiments. The error bars demonstrate the standard deviations of six independent replicates of the same experiment. Δlactate indicates the difference between “basal” lactate (spontaneously produced) and respiratory chain inhibitor-induced maximal lactate production.