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Proposed mechanism for the formation of the two lactam moieties in HSAF. Note that the NRPS may use ornithine as a substrate and that the β-hydroxyl group may be added after the incorporation of the amino acid; alternatively, NRPS may use β-hydroxyornithine (OH-Orn) directly as substrate. SEnz, the thiol group of the phosphopantetheinyl cofactor of the carrier proteins (acyl carrier protein or peptidyl carrier protein) within the polyketide synthase or nonribosomal pepetide synthetase.
