Table 1.
Selected Sample Characteristics
| Male | 69% |
| Age | 40 years (mean; SD = 8.8) |
| Ethnic background: | |
| African-American | 54% |
| Caucasian | 26% |
| Mixed or other | 3% |
| Hispanic (total) | 17% |
| Puerto-Rican | 15% |
| Other Hispanic | 2% |
| Born in the United States | 86% |
| Primary income | |
| Disability payments | 96% |
| Pension/vets’ benefits | 4% |
| Monthly income | $647 (mean; SD = 309) |
| Education | |
| Less than HS grad/GEDa | 46% |
| HS grad/GED | 31% |
| Some college or more | 23% |
| Living arrangements | |
| Supported housing | 72% |
| Own apt/house | 18% |
| w/ friends/relatives | 7% |
| Shelter | 3% |
| Chronic medical condition | 47% |
| Employment | |
| Ever worked | 89% |
| Last worked (among ever employed) | 6 years (mean; SD = 7.2) |
| Substance use | |
| Age at 1st use | 15 years (mean; SD = 5) |
| Primary substance (lifetime) | |
| Crack/cocaine | 41% |
| Alcohol | 35% |
| Heroin | 11% |
| Marijuana | 10% |
| Other | 3% |
| Any substance use past year | 30% |
| Any substance use past month | 9% |
| Mental health | |
| Age 1st emotional/mental health problems | 19 years (mean; SD = 11) |
| Age 1st diagnosed | 29 years (mean; SD = 11) |
| Primary diagnosis: | |
| Schizophrenia | 40% |
| Unipolar (major) depression | 21% |
| Bipolar disorder | 21% |
| Schizoaffective | 8% |
| Mood disorder | 4% |
| Other | 6% |
| Experienced symptoms past year | 60% |
| Colorado Symptom Index score | 6.3 (mean; SD = 4.0) |
| Emotional/mental health past month | |
| Very troubled | 6% |
| Moderately troubled | 22% |
| Somewhat troubled | 38% |
| Not at all troubled | 34% |
| Treatment—currently in outpatientb | 68% |
| Prescribed psychiatric medications | 91% |
| Age at 1st treatment—mental health | 25 years (mean; SD = 12) |
| Age at 1st treatment—substance use | 28 years (mean; SD = 5) |
| Ever hospitalized—mental health | 90% |
| Self-help attendance (once a month or more) | |
| Double Trouble in Recovery | 75% |
| Alcoholics or Narcotics Anonymous | 66% |
a
HS, high school; GED, general equivalency diploma.
b
Alcohol/”drug abuse,” mental health or dual-diagnosis.