Table 1 Crude relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimating the association between maternal exposure and the presence of at least one minor physical anomaly (MPA).
| Maternal exposure | No (%) | No of MPAs per infant* | RR | 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 17†) | 1 (n = 7†) | 2 (n = 4†) | ⩾3 (n = 2†) | ||||
| Tobacco | 7 (23) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2.05 | 0.99 to 4.26 |
| Alcohol | 4 (13) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.95 | 0.92 to 4.11 |
| Any illicit drug | 4 (13) | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ‡ | – |
| Prednisone§¶ | 15 (50) | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.27 to 1.47 |
| Aspirin¶ | 6 (20) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.72 | 0.21 to 2.44 |
*Mothers may have multiple exposure; therefore, totals for each column are not additive; †number of infants; ‡unable to calculate RR because this exposure was not reported in mothers whose infants did not have any MPAs; §prednisone doses ranged from 2.5 mg to 80 mg daily and one woman was also receiving hydroxychloroquine; ¶only drugs used more than once included in these calculations.