(A) RAW264.7 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 h, or (B) pre-treated for 30 min with U0126 (10 μM), LY294002 (50 μM) or SB203580 (2 μM), then LPS was added to a final concentration of 10 ng/ml and incubation continued for a further 4 h. Total RNA and protein were isolated for Oct-2 mRNA and protein detection by RT–PCR and Western blot analysis respectively.