Table 3.
Number of deaths, death rates, and death rate ratios (DRR) with 95% CI for leading underlying causes in nondiabetic and diabetic Pima Indians, according to kidney function category
| Normal SCr
|
Proteinuria
|
High serum creatinine
|
RRT
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying cause of death (ICD-9 codes) | Deaths (N) | Death ratea | Deaths (N) | Death ratea | DRRb (95% CI) | Deaths (N) | Death ratea | DRRb (95% CI) | Deaths (N) | Death ratea | DRRb (95% CI) |
| Nondiabetic subjects | |||||||||||
| Cardiovascular disease (410.0–414.9, 431.0–437.9) | 38 | 3.3 | 2 | 4.0 | 1.2 (0.3–5.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | – | – |
| Infectionsd | 40 | 3.5 | 6 | 10.2 | 2.9 (1.2–6.8) | 3 | 20.6 | 5.8 (1.7–19.9) | 0 | – | – |
| Malignant neoplasms (140.0–208.9) | 44 | 4.2 | 4 | 7.9 | 1.9 (0.7–5.3) | 1 | 4.8 | 1.1 (0.2–8.2) | 0 | – | – |
| Alcoholic liver disease (571.0–571.3) | 24 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | – | – |
| Other natural causesc | 104 | 10.0 | 5 | 20.7 | 2.1 (0.7–5.9) | 3 | 59.1 | 5.9 (1.5–22.6) | 1 | – | – |
| All natural causes | 250 | 23.8 | 17 | 42.8 | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 7 | 84.5 | 3.6 (1.3–9.6) | 4 | – | – |
| All external causes | 50 | 5.2 | 2 | 11.4 | 2.2 (0.5–9.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | – | – |
| All causes | 300 | 29.0 | 19 | 54.2 | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) | 7 | 84.5 | 2.9 (1.1–7.8) | 6 | – | – |
| Diabetic subjects | |||||||||||
| Cardiovascular disease (410.0–414.9, 431.0–437.9) | 86 | 7.0 | 38 | 12.7 | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 11 | 22.2 | 3.2 (1.6–6.4) | 51 | 63.5 | 9.1 (6.2–13.3) |
| Diabetic nephropathy (250.4) | 5 | 0.4 | 12 | 3.2 | 8.5 (2.8–25.5) | 29 | 46.8 | 126.4 (47.2–338.5) | 55 | 72.7 | 196.5 (75.9–508.6) |
| Infectionsd | 45 | 3.3 | 24 | 7.1 | 2.1 (1.3–3.7) | 4 | 10.2 | 3.1 (1.1–8.6) | 23 | 34.8 | 10.5 (6.0–18.3) |
| Malignant neoplasms (140.0–208.9) | 55 | 4.3 | 12 | 3.4 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 8 | 11.7 | 2.7 (1.2–6.0) | 2 | 3.2 | 0.8 (0.2–3.3) |
| Alcoholic liver disease (571.0–571.3) | 36 | 3.3 | 6 | 2.1 | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 1 | 2.8 | 0.9 (0.1–6.3) | 3 | 3.1 | 0.9 (0.3–3.0) |
| Other natural causesc | 82 | 7.0 | 28 | 9.0 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 6 | 11.4 | 1.6 (0.7–3.9) | 24 | 31.4 | 3.7 (2.3–6.0) |
| All natural causes | 309 | 25.3 | 120 | 37.4 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 59 | 105.1 | 4.2 (3.1–5.6) | 158 | 208.7 | 8.3 (6.7–10.2) |
| All external causes | 44 | 4.0 | 9 | 3.8 | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 2 | 2.4 | 0.6 (0.1–2.6) | 8 | 9.9 | 2.5 (1.1–5.8) |
| All causes | 353 | 29.2 | 129 | 41.3 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 61 | 107.5 | 3.7 (2.7–5.0) | 166 | 218.6 | 7.5 (6.1–9.2) |
a
Death rate is reported per 1000 person-years, age and sex adjusted.
b
DRR, death rate ratio relative to normal SCr. Adjusted rates and rate ratios are missing for categories with small number of person-years follow-up.
c
Includes deaths from cardiovascular diseases other than IHD or stroke, from other diabetic causes, and from other natural causes.
d
ICD-9 codes 001.0–139.8; 320.0–326.9; 460.0–466.1; 480.0–487.8; 540.0–543.9; 572.0; 599.0–590.9; 599.0; 680.0–686.9; 729.4.