Effect of peptide-anti-gyrA PNA on growth and gyrA gene expression of K. pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae growth was indicated by turbidity measurements at 550 nm. (A) Dose-dependent growth inhibition of K. pneumoniae by peptide-anti-gyrA PNA was observed. (B) No growth inhibition of K. pneumoniae was observed with unconjugated anti-gyrA PNA. Antisense peptide-PNA, PNA alone, or mismatched peptide-PNA was added to K. pneumoniae cultures at 2 (▪), 10 (▴), 20 (×), 40 (*), and 80 (•) μM concentrations, and compared to cultures lacking PNA (−PNA, ♦). (C) RNA was extracted from the peptide-anti-gyrA PNA-treated cultures and subjected to RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis in Tris-acetate-EDTA buffer. RT-PCR was carried out to show the effect of various doses of anti-gyrA peptide PNA on the levels of gyrA transcripts. (D) No growth inhibition of K. pneumoniae was observed with mismatched control PNA (Mismatched peptide-anti-gyrA PNA).