Table 1.

Randomized controlled trials on the use of gabexate for the prevention of pancreatic injury after ERCP

Reference	Setting	Sample size	Patient inclusion criteria	Interventions	Outcomes	Allocation concealment
[4]	Italy multicentre	418	Patients over 18 years of age who were scheduled to undergo ERCP and, when indicated, endoscopic sphincterotomy	Gabexate 1 g given by intravenous infusion starting 30 to 90 minutes before endoscopy and continuing for 12 hours afterward	The incidence of PEP, post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, post-ERCP abdominal pain, case-fatality ratio of PEP	Adequate
[9]	Italy multicentre	396	Patients over 18 years of age who were scheduled to undergo ERCP and, when indicated, endoscopic sphincterotomy with one of the following "high risk" factors: 1) a non-dilated (< 8 mm in diameter) bile duct on pre-ERCP US 2) a history of gallstone-induced or post-ERCP pancreatitis 3) suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction	Gabexate 500 mg given by intravenous infusion starting 30 minutes before endoscopy and continuing for 2 hours afterward	The incidence of PEP, severe PEP, post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, post-ERCP abdominal pain	Adequate
[8]	Italy multicentre	776	Patients over 18 years of age who were scheduled to undergo ERCP and, when indicated, endoscopic sphincterotomy	Gabexate 500 mg given by intravenous infusion starting 30 before endoscopy and continuing for 6 hours afterward	The incidence of PEP, severe PEP, post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, post-ERCP abdominal pain, case-fatality ratio of PEP	Adequate
[7]	China single centre	193	Patients over 18 years of age who were scheduled to undergo ERCP and, when indicated, endoscopic sphincterotomy	Gabexate 300 mg given by intravenous infusion starting 30 before endoscopy and continuing for 4.5 hours afterward	The incidence of PEP, post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, post-ERCP abdominal pain	Adequate