TABLE 1—
Sample Characteristics: African American (n = 411) and White Women (n = 734), Connecticut, October 1996–January 1998
| Characteristic | African Americans, n (%)a | Whites, n (%)a | P valueb |
| Age, y | .806 | ||
| 40–49 | 148 (36.0) | 259 (35.3) | |
| 50–79 | 263 (64.0) | 475 (64.7) | |
| Education, y | <.001 | ||
| ≤ 12 | 263 (64.0) | 212 (28.9) | |
| > 12 | 148 (36.0) | 522 (71.1) | |
| Family income | <.001 | ||
| < $30 000 | 257 (67.5) | 141 (20.3) | |
| $30 000 or more | 124 (32.5) | 554 (79.7) | |
| Occupational rankingc | <.001d | ||
| Lowest quartile | 165 (46.5) | 58 (8.4) | |
| Second quartile | 99 (27.9) | 192 (27.7) | |
| Third quartile | 47 (13.2) | 207 (29.8) | |
| Highest quartile | 44 (12.4) | 236 (34.1) | |
| Living as married | <.001 | ||
| No | 281 (68.4) | 211 (28.7) | |
| Yes | 130 (31.6) | 523 (71.3) | |
| Usual care provider | .071 | ||
| No | 49 (12.0) | 63 (8.6) | |
| Yes | 361 (88.0) | 667 (91.4) | |
| Family history of breast cancere | .094 | ||
| No | 349 (87.9) | 609 (84.2) | |
| Yes | 48 (12.1) | 114 (15.8) | |
| History of benign cysts | <.001 | ||
| No | 367 (89.3) | 589 (81.0) | |
| Yes | 44 (10.7) | 138 (19.0) | |
| Use of hormone replacement therapy | <.001 | ||
| Never | 268 (65.4) | 385 (52.9) | |
| Ever | 142 (34.6) | 343 (47.1) | |
| Use of birth control pills | .264 | ||
| Never | 156 (38.0) | 254 (34.7) | |
| Ever | 255 (62.0) | 479 (65.3) | |
| Previous mammography screening | <.001d | ||
| Not adherent to guidelines | 117 (28.6) | 98 (13.4) | |
| Adherent to guidelines | 292 (71.4) | 632 (86.6) | |
| Result of the index screeningf | .151 | ||
| Normal | 347 (84.4) | 642 (87.5) | |
| Abnormal | 64 (15.6) | 92 (12.5) | |
| Result of index screening received | .028 | ||
| By telephone | 62 (18.3) | 142 (21.5) | |
| By mail | 243 (71.9) | 484 (73.1) | |
| In person | 33 (9.8) | 36 (5.4) | |
| Person who delivered mammogram results | .218 | ||
| Facility personnel | 195 (62.9) | 361 (58.7) | |
| Primary care doctor or office staff | 115 (37.1) | 254 (41.3) | |
| Perceived likelihood of developing breast cancer | <.001 | ||
| Not at all likely | 123 (33.4) | 152 (21.4) | |
| A little or somewhat likely | 211 (57.3) | 538 (75.8) | |
| Very likely | 34 (9.2) | 20 (2.8) | |
| Perceived control over recovering from breast cancer | <.001 | ||
| A lot or some control | 284 (72.8) | 584 (82.4) | |
| A little or no control | 106 (27.2) | 125 (17.6) | |
| Friend had breast cancer | <.001 | ||
| No | 249 (61.2) | 292 (40.0) | |
| Yes | 158 (38.8) | 437 (60.0) |
aMay not sum to total because of missing data on some variables.
bObtained using the χ2 test.
cCombined spouse pair score, adapted from the Duncan Socioeconomic Index; missing data include nonrespondents as well as women who reported no occupation for either themselves or a partner.
dObtained using the χ2 test for trend.
eBreast cancer in first-degree relative (i.e. mother, sister, daughter).
f Normal results include the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)11 categories 1 or 2; abnormal results include BI-RADS categories 0, 3, 4, 5.