TABLE 1—
Distribution of Independent Variables Among 96 MSAs, by Category: 1989–1993
| Category and Variable | Mean (SD) | Minimum | Maximum |
| Need | |||
| No. of injection drug users per 1000 population (1993) | 8.631 (4.335) | 2.512 | 23.118 |
| No. of AIDS cases among injection drug users per1000 users (1993) | 12.071 (9.381) | 1.428 | 41.000 |
| Presence of anti-OTC laws | 0.375 (0.486) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Resource availability | |||
| No. of drug treatment slotsa (1992) | 0.810 (0.862) | 0.000 | 4.701 |
| No. of hospitals with specialized HIV/AIDS servicesa (1992) | 14.081 (3.371) | 3.518 | 22.249 |
| No. of medical and public health researchersa (1990) | 0.778 (0.940) | 0.032 | 5.198 |
| No. of medical and public health teaching professionalsa (1990) | 1.046 (0.605) | 0.110 | 4.117 |
| Institutional opposition | |||
| No. of hard drug arrestsa (1993) | 15.059 (14.175) | 0.532 | 71.870 |
| No. of police employeesa (1993) | 27.946 (9.544) | 11.104 | 77.332 |
| Organized or potential support | |||
| No. of MSM per 1000 population (1993) | 10.360 (3.781) | 4.163 | 32.906 |
| No. of AIDS cases among MSM per 1000 MSM (1993) | 16.693 (8.402) | 3.275 | 42.307 |
| Presence of outreach efforts | 0.417 (0.495) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Presence of ACT UP chapter | 0.198 (0.400) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| No. of methadone maintenance programsb (1989) | 2.406 (2.406) | 0.000 | 20.87 |
| Socioeconomic and demographic factors (1990) | |||
| MSA population (in 100 000s) | 16.578 (15.782) | 5.011 | 90.922 |
| Black, % | 11.786 (8.224) | 0.897 | 40.589 |
| Black residential segregation dissimilarity indexc | 64.684 (11.584) | 37.516 | 89.945 |
| Black–White median income ratio | 0.676 (0.218) | 0.309 | 1.318 |
| Black–White unemployment ratio | 2.819 (1.486) | 0.018 | 7.463 |
| Hispanic, % | 9.525 (12.589) | 0.448 | 69.576 |
| Hispanic residential segregation dissimilarity indexc | 41.509 (12.081) | 21.487 | 66.764 |
| Hispanic–White median income ratio | 0.822 (0.303) | 0.321 | 1.356 |
| Hispanic–White unemployment ratio | 2.106 (0.977) | 0.591 | 5.833 |
| Unemployment rate, % | 5.869 (1.459) | 3.065 | 10.036 |
| Population below poverty level, % | 11.345 (3.597) | 4.200 | 26.803 |
| Population with college education, % | 22.195 (5.184) | 12.044 | 37.006 |
Note. OTC = over-the-counter; MSM = men who have sex with men; ACT UP = AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; the actual number of MSAs in the analysis ranged from 93–96, according to availability of data. Years in parentheses are the years of the data.52–54
aPer 10 000 population.
bPer 1 million population.
cMeasures residential segregation according to minority race/ethnicity, that is, whether one particular group is distributed across census tracts in the metropolitan area in the same way as another group. A high value indicates that the 2 groups tend to live in different tracts. Values range from 0 to 100. A value of 60 or above, considered very high, indicates that 60% (or more) of the members of one group would need to move to a different tract in order for the 2 groups to be equally distributed. Values of 40 or 50 are usually considered moderate, and values of 30 or below are considered to be relatively low.