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. 2007 Feb 21;104(9):3651–3656. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611605104

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Selected archaeological starch grains. (A) Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch from Casita de Piedra, flake knife 101/15, ≈7400 cal BP. (B) Manioc (Manihot esculenta) starch from Casita de Piedra, grinding-stone base 69/18, ≈3600 cal BP. (C) Maize (Z. mays) starch from Hornito, wedge 77-1, ≈7000 cal BP. (D) Dioscorea cf. urophylla starch from Trapiche, chopper 147/10, ≈4300 cal BP (under cross-polarized light). (E) Calathea sp. starch from Casita de Piedra, edge-battered cobble 69/2, ≈3600 cal BP. (F) Zamia sp. starch from Hornito, scraper E18, ≈7000 cal BP. (G) Maize starch from Ladrones, triangular grinding stone CL-82b, ≈7800 cal BP. (H) Dioscorea sp. starch from Ladrones, handstone CL-68/1, ≈7500 cal BP. (Scale bar: 10 μm.) Additional examples of starch grains from the sites are provided in supporting information (SI) Figs. 3–8.