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. 2007 Feb 21;104(9):3295–3299. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0610140104

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Previous hypotheses of subfamily-level relationships of Vespidae. (A) The conventional hypothesis based on morphological and behavioral characters (4). (B) An alternative hypothesis based on limited molecular data (30), including the placement of Masarinae from a later study (36). Eusocial clades are indicated with gray shading.