Table 3.
Characteristics of clinical specimens tested for human metapneumovirus in comparison to other respiratory viruses, without duplicatesa
| Risk factor | Number of specimens (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (n = 1294) | Human metapneumovirus-positive (n = 34) | Respiratory syncytial virus-positive (n = 174) | Parainfluenza virus-positive (n = 22) | Influenza virusb-positive (n = 120) | Adenovirus-positive (n = 11) | |
| Age group (year) | ||||||
| <0.4 | 288 (22.3) | 2 (5.9) | 59 (33.9) | 3 (13.6) | 5 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| 0.4–9 | 415 (32.1) | 21 (61.8) | 97 (55.8) | 17 (77.3) | 50 (41.7) | 6 (54.6) |
| 10–40 | 261 (20.2) | 5 (14.7) | 7 (4) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (34.2) | 2 (18.2) |
| >40 | 329 (25.4) | 6 (17.7) | 10 (5.8) | 2 (9.1) | 24 (20) | 3 (27.3) |
| Unkown | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 621 (48) | 19 (55.9) | 78 (44.8) | 11 (50) | 61 (50.8) | 5 (45.5) |
| Male | 673 (52) | 15 (44.1) | 96 (55.2) | 11 (50) | 59 (49.2) | 6 (54.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 864 (66.8) | 24 (70.6) | 108 (62.1) | 13 (59.1) | 69 (57.5) | 7 (63.6) |
| African American | 68 (5.3) | 2 (5.9) | 9 (5.2) | 3 (2.5) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Hispanic | 45 (3.5) | 1 (2.9) | 5 (2.9) | 1 (4.6) | 8 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Asian | 27 (2.1) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (4.6) | 4 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Othersc | 43 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Unkown | 247 (19.1) | 6 (17.7) | 43 (24.7) | 7 (31.8) | 36 (30) | 3 (27.3) |
| Patient group | ||||||
| Intensive care unit | 223 (17.2) | 9 (26.5) | 16 (9.2) | 5 (22.7) | 4 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Observationd | 70 (5.4) | 2 (5.9) | 8 (4.6) | 1 (4.6) | 2 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Hospital ward | 607 (46.9) | 16 (47.1) | 73 (42) | 12 (54.6) | 32 (26.7) | 5 (45.5) |
| Outpatient | 394 (30.5) | 7 (20.6) | 77 (44.3) | 4 (18.2) | 82 (68.3) | 6 (54.6) |
| Month | ||||||
| January–March | 759 (58.7) | 31 (91.2) | 144 (82.8) | 5 (22.7) | 69 (57.5) | 9 (81.8) |
| April–June | 116 (9.0) | 1 (2.9) | 13 (7.5) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| July–September | 54 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| October–December | 365 (28.2) | 2 (5.9) | 17 (9.8) | 9 (40.9) | 51 (42.5) | 2 (18.2) |
| Culture sites | ||||||
| Nasopharyngeal wash | 11 (0.9) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Nasal wash | 972 (75.1) | 24 (70.6) | 164 (94.3) | 16 (72.7) | 111 (92.5) | 10 (90.9) |
| Bronch wash | 30 (2.3) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Bronchoalveolar lavage | 135 (10.4) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (9.1) |
| Tracheal aspirate | 101 (7.8) | 6 (17.7) | 7 (4) | 5 (22.7) | 2 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Others | 45 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) |
a
Duplicates were defined as multiple specimens with the same laboratory results taken from the same patient during a 2-week period.
b
Influenza A, influenza B or both.
c
The other race/ethnicity category includes Native Americans.
d
Patients held for observation but not hospitalized.