Fig. 4.

Inhibition by LF of IL-1β-induced epidermal TNF-α production. A further 10 volunteers were exposed topically to LF or cream followed by intradermal injections of IL-1β or saline, as described in the legend to Fig. 3. Each symbol represents the results from one of the 10 volunteers. Immediately following injections, suction blister cups were applied to each of the four treated sites. Suction blister fluids were collected and analysed by ELISA for TNF-α content and total protein expression by modified Lowry [22]. Results are expressed as pg TNF-α/mg protein.