Table 2.

Major reports related to diabetes in patients with CRS

Country of subjects	Reference	No. of CRS patients	Mean age or age range of patients	Clinical diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance*	Clinical diabetes with insulin treatment†	ICA	ICSA	IAA	Tg or Tm
Australia	Menser et al. 1967 [13]	50	25 years	2%	0%
	Forrest et al. follow-up 1971 [12]	44		20%	0%
	Menser et al. follow-up 1974 [14]	45		40%	0%
	Menser et al. follow-up 1978 [4]	45		18%	2%
	McIntosh et al. follow-up 1992 [10]	40	50 years	23%	2%
	Menser et al. 1974 [14]	87	34 years	16%	5%
	Menser et al. 1978 [4]	318		0%	3%
USA	Rubinstein et al. 1982 [6]	173	14 years	3%	9%
	Ginsberg-Fellner et al. 1985 [15]	242	17 years	6%	6%		20%		34%
	McEvoy et al. 1988 [9]	187‡	17 years	0%	0%		25%	31%	26%
	Clarke et al. 1984 [8], Shaver et al. 1985 [20]	201	17 years	21%	not reported	0%			23%
	Rabinowe et al. 1985 [5]	16	18 years	0%	6%	0%			19%
UK	Gumpel 1972 [37], Smithells et al. 1978 [11]	83	3–19 years	0%	0%
	Smithells et al. 1978 [11]	482	0–7 years	0%	0·5%
	Fine et al. 1985 [38]	605§	up to 40 years	0·3%	not reported

Tm = thyroid microsomal antibodies;Tg = thyroglobulin antibodies; ICA = islet cell antibodies; ICSA = islet cell cytotoxic or surface antibodiesi; IAA = insulin autoantibodies.

^*Proportion of all CRS patients, insulin-dependent diabetes not included;

^†proportion of all CRS patients;

^‡non-diabetic CRS population selected for study;

^§subjects exposed to rubella during pregnancy.