Table 1.

List of common abbreviations found in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) field.

dsRNA	Double-stranded RNA
ECSIT	Evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediate in Toll pathways
HSP	Heat-shock protein
IKK	IκB kinase
IRAK	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase
JAK	Janus kinase
Jnk	Jun N-terminal Kinase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LTA	Lipoteicoic acid
Mal	myD88-adapter-like (= TIRAP)
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
mDC	Myeloid derived dendritic cell
MIF	Macrophage-inhibitory factor
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation factor 88
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
PAMP	Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
pDC	Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
PGN	Peptidoglycan
PRR	Pattern recognition receptor
RIP	Receptor interacting protein
SIGGR	Single immunoglobulin IL-1R-related molecule
shRNA	Short hairpin RNA
siRNA	Short interfering RNA
SIRS	Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SOCS	Suppressor of cytokine signalling
ssRNA	Single-stranded RNA
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription
TANK	TRAF-family member-associated NFκB-activator
TAK1	Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1
TAB1	TAK-1 binding protein-1
TBK1	TANK-binding kinase 1
TIR	Toll/IL-1 receptor (domain)
TIRAP	TIR domain-containing adapter protein (= Mal)
TICAM	Toll-IL-1 receptor homology domain (TIR)-containing adapter molecule
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNFR	Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor
TRAF	TNFR-associated factor
TRAM	TRIF-related adapter molecule (= TICAM-2)
TRIF	TIR domain-containing adapter inducing interferon (IFN)-β (= TICAM-1)