Cell-proliferative response in PBMCs stimulated with (a) LPS or (b) autologous bacteria. Cells (106/ml) derived from the pre- and post-LCAP samples from UC patients were cultured for 48 h at 37° C in an atmosphere with 5% CO2 in the presence of LPS (1 µg/ml) or autologous bacterial preparations (5 µg bacterial protein/ml). For the final 18 h, 20 ml of a solution containing 25 µCi of [3H]-thymidine was added to each well. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine was measured with a β-emission counter. Each value represents the mean of triplicate measurements. *P < 0·05. The same symbols in both figures indicate the data from the same patients. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; LCAP, leukocytapheresis; UC, ulcerative colitis; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.