Table 1. Examples of endotoxin models of ARDS and ALI.

Animal model	Endotoxin typea	Route	Dose (mg/kg)	Second-hit	Ref.
Rat	NR	i.t.	0·75	Hypoxiab	Vuichard 2005
Rat	0111:B4	i.t.	0·03	Haemorrhageb	[7]
Rat	ST	i.p.	15·0	∔	[20]
Rat	0111:B4	i.v.	0·20/hd	∔	[21]
Rat	026:B6	i.t.	0·005–0·5e	∔	[10]
Rat	0111:B4	i.t.	5·0	∔	[13]
Mouse	FP	i.p.	∔	Acid aspirationc	[14]
Mouse	0111:B4	i.p.	15·0	∔	[11]
Mouse	0128:B12	Aerosol	0·1–1·0e	∔	[12]
Mouse	0111:B6	i.p.	1·0	∔	[22]
Pig	FP	i.p.	∔	Ischaemia/reperfusionb	[18]
Pig	FP	i.p.	∔	Haemorrhagec	[15]
Pig	0111:B4	i.v.	2500/hd	∔	[23]
Pig	0111:B4	i.v.	0·20	∔	[24]

^aEscherichia coli.

^bIntroduction of a second-hit increased inflammation of model

^cIntroduction of second-hit had no effect on inflammation of model.

^dConstant infusion;

^edose–response; NR = not reported; FP = fecal peritonitis; i.t. = intratracheal; i.p. = intraperitoneal; i.v. = intravenous; ST = Salmonella typhimurium.; ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ALI = acute lung injury.