Fig. 3.

Monocyte adhesion and transmigration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). (a) Monocytes of type 1 diabetic patients (n = 7) showed increased adhesion to HUVEC compared to monocytes of healthy subjects (n = 7) and type 2 diabetes patients (n = 4). (b) Transmigration in response to CCL2 and CCL3 of type 1 diabetes monocytes (n = 12) was strongly decreased compared to healthy control monocytes (n = 12). Adhesion is shown relative to that observed with monocytes of healthy control subjects. Data are presented as average ± s.e.m., *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01 as determined with unpaired two-tailed Students’t-test.