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Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and sIL-1RA levels in urine samples of 18 male and 28 female healthy individuals. Female individuals had significantly higher urine IL-1α (P < 0·0001), IL-β (P = 0·003) and soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA) (P = 0·0003) levels than male individuals. Means are represented by horizontal bars.
