Table 3. Cytokine levels in salivary glands of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.

	Submandibular glands	Parotid glands
TNF-α (pg/mg prot)
NOD 10 weeks	0·3 ± 0·1	6·8 ± 2·1
14 weeks	0·4 ± 0·1	4·8 ± 0·9
16 weeks	0·2 ± 0·1	5·5 ± 0·8
BALB/c 16 weeks	0·3 ± 0·1	7·0 ± 2·0
IFN – (pg/mg prot)
NOD 10 weeks	2·9 ± 1·1	16·0 ± 1·9
14 weeks	2·6 ± 0·4	15·0 ± 2·2
16 weeks	3·2 ± 0·1	26·6 ± 8·7
BALB/c 16 weeks	2·8 ± 1·4	15·7 ± 1·8
IL-10 (pg/mg prot)
NOD 10 weeks	1·0 ± 0·3	7·3 ± 1·8
14 weeks	2·2 ± 0·5	6·4 ± 0·7
16 weeks	2·0 ± 0·6	5·5 ± 0·6
BALB/c 16 weeks	0·9 ± 0·3	7·8 ± 1·8

Freshly isolated glands from each animal were homogenized individually in Tris-HCl buffer with protease inhibitors as described in Materials and methods. Aliquots of each extract were separated for cytokine determination by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Values are the mean ± s.e. of at least four separate determinations.