Fig. 3.

Stimulation by heat shock protein (HSP)70, CD40L or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by cells eluted from mucosal biopsies from patients with (a) Crohn's disease (inflamed n = 13 and uninflamed n = 13) or (b) ulcerative colitis (inflamed n = 8, uninflamed n = 12) and inhibition of HSP70-stimulated cells with p457–496 or pCD40/CD40L (c) in Crohn's disease (inflamed n = 11, uninflamed n = 12) and (d) in ulcerative colitis (inflamed n = 7, uninflamed n = 11).