The effect of neutralizing monoclonal anti-cytokine antibodies on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in whole blood cultures. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific to interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interkeukin (IL)-12 were added to the whole blood cultures of tuberculin-positive healthy subjects (n = 11) prior to the infection with the reporter M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Control blood cultures from the same donors containing the reporter M. tuberculosis H37Rv with medium or isotype-matched control mAb were included. Results are expressed as the growth ratio (GR): relative light units (RLU) in the mAb-containing cultures (or control cultures) at 96 h/RLU in the mAb-containing cultures (or control cultures) at 0 h. Each point represents the mean of triplicate determinations; horizontal lines show median values. For the untreated cultures, the median GR was 0·56 and for cultures treated with α-IFN-γ, median GR = 0·53; α-TNF, median GR = 0·57; α-IL-12, median GR = 0·64; isotype-matched control, median GR = 0·54.