The percentage of T cells producing intracellular cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial brushing (BB) of the lung transplant group (mean ± s.d.). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of CD4+ and a significant increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells in BB. There was a significant increase in the percentage of CD4 and CD8+ T cells producing interferon (IFN)-γ and CD8 T cells producing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and a significant decrease in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interleukin (IL)-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in BB compared to BAL.