TABLE 3.
ASSOCIATION OF BLOT HEMORRHAGES, MICROANEURYSMS, AND ANY RETINOPATHY WITH INCIDENCE OF DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION IN MULTIVARIABLE MODELS
| OUTCOME | LESION | OR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes* | ||||
| Age < 65 yr | Blot hemorrhage | 4.16 | 1.52–11.38 | .006 |
| Microaneurysms | 1.60 | 0.92–2.77 | .10 | |
| Any retinopathy | 1.80 | 1.12–2.89 | .02 | |
| Age ≥ 65 yr | Blot hemorrhage | 0.33 | 0.04–2.52 | .29 |
| Microaneurysms | 1.07 | 0.40–2.88 | .90 | |
| Any retinopathy | 0.74 | 0.32–1.70 | .48 | |
| Hypertension† | Blot hemorrhage | 1.95 | 0.81–4.70 | .14 |
| Microaneurysms | 1.40 | 0.95–2.06 | .09 | |
| Any retinopathy | 1.48 | 1.05–2.07 | .02 | |
CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
*
Controlling for sex, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass, hypertension, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, smoking, and cardiovascular disease history at baseline.
†
Controlling for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum HDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease history at baseline.