Table 1.

Effect of clickers on attrition over the semester in freshman nonmajors biology courses at WVU

Lecture treatment	Biology 101 (Fall) % Attendance		Percent decline
	First exam	Final exam
Without ARS	100	88.1	11.9
With ARS	100	95.7	4.3
Lecture treatment	Biology 102 (Spring) % Attendance		Percent decline
	First exam	Final exam
Without ARS	100	91.9	8.1
With ARS	100	95.9	4.1

Use of clickers decreased attrition to 4–8% by the final exam. Biology 101 probably showed a higher overall rate of attrition because it is offered in fall, when more students withdraw from college; Biology 102 is offered in spring, and serves students who have survived that first round of attrition. All courses enroll a maximum of 250 students (Caldwell, unpublished data).