Fig. 1.
Basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated release of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-1ra and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from neutrophils (2·5 × 106 cells/ml) and mononuclear cells (1·5 × 105 cells/ml) of type 2 diabetic patients (outlined bars) and healthy control subjects (solid bars). Neutrophils and mononuclear cells were incubated with LPS (1·0 µg/ml for IL-8 and 5 µg/ml for IL-1β, IL-1ra and TNF-α). Cytokines were measured in 18-h culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data are mean ± s.e.m. **P < 0·01 and ***P < 0·001 for comparison between type 2 diabetic patients and controls subjected to the same treatments and #P < 0·05 and ###P < 0·001 for comparison between columns, of the same group, in the presence and absence of LPS.