The influence of gender on cytokine responses to thyroglobulin (Tg). Differences between patients and controls, upon division of the control group into females (F, n = 4) and males (M, n = 6), are shown for (a) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α at day 7, (b) IL-2 at day 4, (c) interferon (IFN)-γ at day 1, (d) interleukin (IL)-10 at day 7 and (e) IL-5 at day 7. One male Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patient and one male Graves' disease (GD) patient were excluded from the analysis. *HT versus controls, §HT versus GD. One symbol signifies P < 0·05, two symbols P < 0·01 and three symbols P < 0·001. (*) signifies P = 0·05.