Table 1.

Mean changes ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.) in rectal luminal nitric oxide [ΔNO, parts per billion (ppb)] and granulocyte granule constituents [rectal mucosal concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (ΔMPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) ΔECP, µg/l] in patients with coeliac disease (n = 20) and controls (n = 15) 15 h after rectal challenges with gluten and cow's milk.

	Gluten challenge			Cow's milk challenge
	ΔMPO	ΔECP	ΔNO	ΔMPO	ΔECP	ΔNO
Control subjects	8 ± 2	12 ± 16	−10 ± 6	13 ± 5	8 ± 7	5 ± 15
Coeliac patients	211 ± 47***	7 ± 5	6474 ± 1808***	299 ± 117***	19 ± 7	3893 ± 1474***

^***P < 0·001, Mann–Whitney U-test, for comparison between groups.