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. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):3878–3883. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.8.3878

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Aldolase antibodies were generated by reactive immunization with 1,3-diketone hapten 1 or 2. A stable covalent interaction is formed on reaction of the haptens with the aldolase antibodies. The multistep reaction yields a stable vinylogous amide or enaminone. Unlike hapten 1, hapten 2 incorporates a sulfone group to mimic the tetrahedral geometry of the rate-determining transition state of carbon-carbon bond formation.