Figure 1.

Molecular phylogenies of seed plants are inconsistent with the anthophyte hypothesis (= gnetophytes + angiosperms) and instead support a close Gnetales–conifer relationship. Unrooted phylograms of seed plant DNA sequences found with paup* (heuristic search algorithm, ML) by using Macintosh G3 computers. ML bootstrap percentages on the basis of 100 replicates are also shown on key branches with data and tree characteristics as follows: (A) mitochondrial cox1: 27 taxa, 1,324 (aligned total) and 325 (parsimony informative) bases; -ln likelihood = 6,196.7314; ti/tv = 1.165; inv sites = 0.261; gamma = 0.698. (B) plastid rbcL: 26 taxa, 1,329 and 365 bases; -ln likelihood = 8292.7942; ti/tv = 3.03; inv sites = 0.52; gamma = 1.3. (C) nuclear 18S rDNA, 27 taxa, 1,715 and 224 bases; -ln likelihood = 6,694.0414; ti/tv = 2.26, inv sites = 0.6199, gamma = 0.624.