Figure 3.

(A and B) Thin-plate spline representations of the average specimen from sympatric P. cinereus and sympatric P. hoffmani, allowing visualization of the significant differences in head shape (Wilks' Λ = 0.0513, F = 10.68, P = 2.99 × 10⁻⁵⁴), where the sympatric divergence (Mahalanobis generalized distance) was statistically greater than the allopatric divergence (randomization test; P_rand = 0.02). The observed sympatric differences have been exaggerated by a factor of 2. (C) Multivariate association for sympatric specimens of trophic morphology as represented by geometric shape variables and food resource use (square root of the number of prey consumed per prey category) from a two-block partial least-squares analysis (r = 0.7591, P_rand = 0.001). The x axis represents morphology (extremes illustrated by using a thin-plate spline), and the y axis represents food resource use (positive values = large prey; negative values = small prey).