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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Environ Health Res. 2006 Apr;16(2):99–111. doi: 10.1080/09603120500538341

Table III.

Frequency distribution of the measures and indices of the domestic built environment in Burj Barajneh camp in Beirut, Lebanon, Urban Health Survey 2002 (n = 860).

Measures of the domestic built environment Frequency (n) Percentage (%)
Measures of infrastructure and services
Problems in timing of garbage collection 772 89.8
Problems in garbage disposal 753 87.6
Problems in sewage disposal 741 87.5
Problems with the reliability of electrical power 552 64.2
Flooding from rainwater 184 21.4
Cuts in electrical power for more than 4 hours/day 28 3.3
Evacuation due to rainwater flooding 34 3.2
Inadequacy of drinking water 8 0.9
Unavailability of drinking water 0 0
Measures of housing conditions
Cockroach infestation 716 83.3
Poor ventilation 691 80.3
Presence of seepage in walls 634 73.7
Presence of humidity 568 66.0
Presence of cracks in walls 541 62.9
Presence of seepage in ceiling 522 60.7
Lack of adequate lighting in living room 430 50.0
Presence of cracks in ceiling 414 48.1
Presence of water overflow from floor drains 352 45.3
  Always 116 13.5
  Most of the time 29 3.4
  Sometimes 207 24.1
Lack of adequate lighting in bedroom 379 44.1
Absence of a main source of heating 284 33.0
Mice infestation 281 32.7
Presence of broken windows 215 25.4
Presence of exposed electrical wires 215 25.0
Rat infestation 176 20.5
Domestic built environment indices
Infrastructure and services index
  0 - 1 problem 154 17.9
  2 - 3 problems 297 34.5
  4 - 9 problems 409 47.6
Housing conditions index
  0 - 4 problems 188 22.0
  5 - 7 problems 472 55.3
  8 - 15 problems 194 22.7
Crowding index
  1 person/room 257 29.9
  2 - 3 persons/room 528 61.4
  ≥ 4 persons/room 75 8.4