Table 1.
Matrix of informative nucleotide sites and insertions/deletions (indels) from the nuclear rDNA ITS region in Sanicula and outgroups
| 1111111111111111111111111111 | |
| 1123344555555566666777788899990011122222233333456667778888 | |
| 57824727123578912579567804734893726901235901459353464781346 | |
| 1 | TAGGCCCCCGACATCGGGCCCCACACGGCTCGGACTCAACGGACCTCGCATGCAATCTG |
| 2 | TAGGCCACCGACGTCGGGCCCCACCTGGCTCGGCCTCAACGGCACTCGCATGCAATTTG |
| 3 | TTAGCCACGGACATTGGTCCCCCAGAGGCGCGGCTTCRATTACCACCGCATGTCACTGC |
| 4 | TTAGACACCGACGTCGGGCCCCGTTTGATCGGGCTCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 5 | TTAGACACCGACGTCGGGCTCCGTT-GACCGGGTTCCGCTACAATTTGTATGCTATCCT |
| 6 | TTAGACACCGACGTCGGGCCCTGTTCGACCGGGCTCCGCTACAACTTGTATGCCATCCT |
| 7 | TTAGATACCGACGTCGGGCCCCATTCGATCAGGCTCCGCTACAATTTGTATGCCATCCT |
| 8 | TTAGACACCGATGTCGTGCCCCGTTCGACCGGGCTCCGCTACAATTTGTATGCTATCCT |
| 9 | ATAGAAATCGACGTCGGGTTCCGTGCGATCGGGATCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 10 | ATAGAAATCGACGTCGGGTTCCGTGCGATCGGGATCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 11 | ATAGAAATCGACGTCGGGTTCCGTGCAATCGGGATCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 12 | TTAGAAATCAACGTCTGGTCCTGTTCAACCGGGCTCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 13 | TTAGAGGCCGACGTCGGGTCCCGTTCAACCGGA--CCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 14 | TAAGAA-CCGACGCAGTGTCTCGTTCGACCGGGCTCTTCTACAATTTGTTTTCCATTCT |
| 15 | TTAGAAATCGACGTCGGGTCCCGTTCGACCGGGCTCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 16 | TTAAAATCCGACGTCGGGTCCTGTTCGACCGGCCTCCGCTACAATTTATACGCCACCCT |
| 17 | TTAAAATCCGACGTCGGGTCCTGTTCGACCGGCCTCCGCTACAATTTATACGCCACCCT |
| 18 | TTAAAATCCGACGTCGGGTCCTGTTCGACCGGCCTCCGCTACAATTTATACGCCACCCT |
| 19 | TTAAAATCCGACGTCGGGTCCTGTTCGACCGGCCTCCGCTACAATTTATACGCCACCCT |
| 20 | TAAGAGATCGACGTAGTGTCCCGTTCGACCGAGCTCTGCTACAATTCGTTTTTCATT-T |
| 21 | TTAGAGACGCCCGTCGTGTCCTGTTCGATCGGTTTCCGCTACAACATGTTTGCTGTACT |
| 22 | TTAGAGACGCCCGTCGTGTCCTGTTCGACCGGTTTCCGCTACAACATGTTTGCTGTACT |
| 23 | TTAGAGACGCCCGTCATGTCCTGTTTGATCGGTCTCCGCTACAACATGTTTGCTGTACT |
| 24 | TAAGAAACCAACGTAGTTTCCCGTTCGACCGGGCTCTGCTACCATTTGTTTTCCATTCT |
| 25 | TTAGAGGCCGACGTCGGGTCCYGTACGACCGGGCTCCGCTACAATTTATATGCCATCCT |
| 26 | TAAGAA-CCGACGCAGTGTCTCGTTCGACCGGGCTCTTCTACAATTTGTTTTCCATTCT |
| 27 | TTAGAGACGCCTGTCATGTCCTGTTCGACCGGTCTCCGCTACAACATGTTTGCTGTACT |
| 28 | TTAGAGACGCCCGTCATGTCCTGTTCGACCGGTCTCCGCTACAACATGTTTGTTGTACT |
| 29 | TTAGAGACGCCCGTCATGTCCTGTTTGACCGGTCTCCGCT-CAACATGTTTGCTGTACT |
| 30 | TAAGAAACCGACATAGTGTCCCGTTCGACCGAACTCTGCTACAATTCGTTTTTCATTCT |
| 31 | TAAGAAACCGAMGTAGTGTCCYGTTCGACCGGGCTCTTCTACAATTTGTTTTTCATTCT |
| 22223333333444444444444444444444444444444444444444455555555 | |
| 00024689999000111111222222233333345566666677788889900134555 | |
| 25609283789479146789012567801236950303678902306788949265237 | |
| 1 | TCGGGGGGCGC-CCCACTCCTGGTGGTCGTCACGAGGCCGCAGGCCCGCACGTCGGCGC |
| 2 | TCGGGGGGCGCCCCCACTCCTTGTGCTCGTCATGAGGCCGCGGGCCCGCACGTCGGCGC |
| 3 | CTGGGCGGCGCAACTTTCCACTTGGCTTGCGCGGTGGATGCATGCCAGCACGTCGAC-- |
| 4 | TCGGGGGGCGC-ACTATCCTTCCGACTCGCATTGAGGTTGTGGATCAACGTTTTGGCGC |
| 5 | CTGGGGGGCGC-ACCATCCTTGCGATTCGCATGGAGGCTGTGGATCAACGTTTCGGCGC |
| 6 | CCGGGGGGCGC-ACCATCCTCAGGACTCGCATGGAGGCTGTGGATCAACGTTTCGACGC |
| 7 | CCAGAGGGCGC-ACCTTCCTTACGATTCGCATGGAGGCTGTGGATCAACGTTTCGGTGT |
| 8 | CCGGGGGGCGCCACCATCCTTGCGACTTTCGTGGAAGCTGTGGGTTAACGTTTCGGCGC |
| 9 | TCGGGGGTTGCTAT-----------------TGGAAGCTGTGAATCAACGTTCTGGCGC |
| 10 | TCGGGGGTTGCTAT-----------------TGGAAGCTGTGAATCAACGTTCTGGCGC |
| 11 | TCGGGGGTTGCTAT-----------------TGGAAGCTGTGAATCAACGTTCTGGCGC |
| 12 | CCGGGGGGCGTCAT-----------------TGGAAGCTGTGGATCAATGTTCTGGTGC |
| 13 | CCGGAGGTCACCAT-----------------TGGAAGTTGTGGATCAACGTTCTGGCGC |
| 14 | CCGAGGGGCGACACCATCCTCACGGCTCGCATGGAGGCTGCGGATCAAAGTTCTAGCGT |
| 15 | CCGGGRGGCG-CACTATCCTTGCGACTCACGTGGTAGCTGTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGC |
| 16 | CCGGGGGTTGTCACCATCTTT--GACTCACATGATAGCTATGGGTCAATGTTCTGGCAC |
| 17 | CCGGGGGTTGTCACCATCTTT--GACTCACATGATAGCTATGGGTCAATGTTCTGGCAC |
| 18 | CCGGGGGTTGCCACCATCTTT--GACTCACATGATAGCTATGGGTCAATGTTCTGGCAC |
| 19 | CCGGGGGTTGCCACCATCTTT--GACTCACATGATAGCTATGGGTCAATGTTCTGGCAC |
| 20 | CCGGGAGACG-CACCATCCTTACAATTCGCACGGAAGCTGCGGATCAAAGTTCTAGTG- |
| 21 | CCGGGGGGCG-CACTATCCTTTCGAACCACATGGAATCTGTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGT |
| 22 | CYAGGGGGCG-CACCATCCTTGCGAACCGCATGGAATCTGTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGT |
| 23 | CCGGGGGGCG-CACCATCCTTGCGACTCGCATGGAATCTCTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGT |
| 24 | CCGGGGGGCGACACCATCCTCACGACTTGCATGGAAGCTGCGGATCAAAGTTCTAGCGC |
| 25 | CCGGGGATCACCAT-----------------TGGAAGCTGTGGATCAACGTTCTGGCGC |
| 26 | CCGAGGGGCGACACCATCTTCACGGCTCGCATGGAAGCTGCGGATCAAAGTTCTAGCGT |
| 27 | CCGGGGGGCG-CACCATCCTTGCGACTCGCATGGAATCTGTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGT |
| 28 | CCGGGGGGCG-CACCATCCTTGCGACCCGCATGGAATCTGTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGT |
| 29 | CCGGGGGGCG-CACCATCCTTGCGACCCGCATGGAATCTGTGGATTAACGTTCTGGCGT |
| 30 | CCGGGAAGCG-CACCATCCTCACGATTCGCATGGAAACTGCGGATCAAAGTTCTAGTGC |
| 31 | CCGGGGGGCGACACCATCCTCACGACTCGTCTGGAAGCTGCGTATCAAAGTTCTAGCGT |
| 555555555555666666 | |
| 566677788889000122 | |
| 814601923689258067************** | |
| 1 | GCCCCTCGCAGGGAACCC11111121122121 |
| 2 | GCCCCTCGCCGGGAACCC11111111122121 |
| 3 | ------CGCAGGGAGTCC11111111222121 |
| 4 | GCCTCCCTCAGGACAACC11122121222112 |
| 5 | ACCTCCCTAAGGACAACC21122121222112 |
| 6 | GTCKCCCTCAGGACAACC11122121122112 |
| 7 | GCCTCCCTCAGGACAACT11122121122212 |
| 8 | GTCTCCCTCAGGACAACC11122111122112 |
| 9 | ATCTCCCTCAGTACAACC11222112122112 |
| 10 | ATCTCCCTCAGTACAACC11222112122112 |
| 11 | ATCTCCCTCAGTACAACC11222112122112 |
| 12 | ATCTCCTTCAGTACAACC11222112122112 |
| 13 | ATCTCCCTCAGTACAACC12122112122112 |
| 14 | GCCTCCCTCAGTACAACC13122111222212 |
| 15 | ATCTTCCTCAGTACAACC14222211122112 |
| 16 | ATCTTCCTCGGTACAATC15222113222112 |
| 17 | ATCTTCCTCAGTACAATC15222113222112 |
| 18 | ATCTTTCTCAGTACAATC15222113221112 |
| 19 | GTCTTCCTCAGTACAATC15222113222112 |
| 20 | ACCTCCCTCAGTAAAACC16122211222212 |
| 21 | GCTTCCCCCATGACAACC11122211212112 |
| 22 | GCTTCCCCCATGACAACC11122211212112 |
| 23 | GCCTCCCACATGACAACC11122211222112 |
| 24 | GCCTCTCTCAGTACAACT11122111222212 |
| 25 | ATCTCCTTCAGTACAACC12222112122112 |
| 26 | GCCTCCCTCAGTACAACC13122111222212 |
| 27 | GCCTCCCCCATGACAACC11122211222112 |
| 28 | GCCTCCCCCATGACAACC21122211211112 |
| 29 | GCCTCCCCCATGACAACC11122211222112 |
| 30 | GCCTCCCTCAGTAAAACC16122211222212 |
| 31 | GCC-TCCTACCTATGANN11122111221112 |
Numbers along top of matrix are informative site positions in the aligned ITS region sequences, with the origin at the ITS1 site bordering the 18S cistron. The last 14 characters, marked by asterisks, are recoded indels. Numbers along the left border of the matrix refer to individual samples or reconstructed ancestral sequences of species or populations. All samples are from California, (and are deposited at the Jepson Herbarium) unless otherwise indicated: 1 = Eryngium cervantesii, Mexico, LC 2443 (UC); 2 = E. mexicanum, Mexico, LC 2428 (UC); 3 = Astrantia major, France, 1996, J. L. Benito s. n. (JACA); 4 = Sanicula orthacantha, China, 1980, B. Bartolomew et al. s. n. (UC); 5 = S. europaea, Spain, P. Catalán 1896 (JACA); 6 = S. chinensis, China, 1984, S. N. Kobayashi s. n. (MAK); 7 = S. elata, Malaysia, J. H. Beaman 9108 (UC); 8 = S. canadensis, North Carolina, U.S., BGB 919b, (UC); 9 = S. mariversa, Oahu, Hawaii, K. M. Nagata 3171 (UC); 10 = S. sandwicensis, East Maui, J. Henrickson & R. Vogl 3635 (UC), Hawaii, R. Gustafson 2408 (RSA); 11 = S. purpurea, West Maui, S. Meidell 113 (UC); 12 = S. arctopoides, San Francisco Co., 1PV96, Sonoma Co., 7PV96, Del Norte Co., 34PV96; 13 = S. arguta, San Clemente Island, S. Boyd 4435 (RSA), San Luis Obispo Co., 19PV96, San Diego Co., 26PV96; 14 = S. bipinnatifida, San Diego Co., 25PV96, San Luis Obispo Co., 14PV96, Siskiyou Co., 38PV96; 15 = S. bipinnata, Monterey Co., 12PV96, Santa Barbara Co., 28PV96; 16 = S. crassicaulis, El Dorado Co., 47PV96, Marin Co., 17PV96; 17 = S. crassicaulis, Chile, D. M. Moore 225 (UC); 18 = S. crassicaulis, Santa Barbara Co., 29PV96; 19 = S. crassicaulis, Alameda Co., 18PV96, Marin Co., 16PV96; 20 = S. deserticola, Baja California, Mexico, RM 19353 (UC); 21 = S. graveolens, Placer Co., 45PV96; 22 = S. graveolens, Chile, M. L. DeVore 1144 (UC); 23 = S. graveolens, San Diego Co., 23PV96; 24 = S. hoffmannii, San Luis Obispo Co., 20PV96, 21PV96, Santa Barbara Co., 27PV96; 25 = S. laciniata, Mendocino Co., 31PV96, Monterey Co., 9PV96, San Luis Obispo Co., 13PV96; 26 = S. peckiana, Del Norte Co., 35PV96, 37PV96; 27 = S. tuberosa, Butte Co., 41PV96, Marin Co., 3PV96, San Diego Co., 24PV96, Shasta Co., 40PV96, Trinity Co., 42PV96; 28 = S. saxatilis, Contra Costa Co., BGB 905, Santa Clara Co., 10PV96; 29 = S. tracyi, Humboldt Co., 32PV96, Trinity Co., 33PV96; 30 = S. moranii, Baja California, Mexico, RM 21252 (UC), RM 23279 (SD); 31 = S. maritima, Monterey Co., 15PV96, San Luis Obispo Co., 22PV96. Acronyms in parentheses are standard herbarium abbreviations in Index Herbariorum. Abbreviations: Co., County; LC, Lincoln Constance; BGB, Bruce Baldwin; PV, Pablo Vargas; RM, Reid Moran.