Effect of CK1 inhibitor D4476 on APP, βCTF, and Aβ levels. N2A cells stably expressing APP-695 were incubated for 3 h with the indicated concentrations of D4476. Cellular extracts were subjected to Western blot analysis by using βCTF or APP antibodies or to Aβ40 ELISAs. (A) Western blot analysis of βCTF and APP in one representative experiment carried out in duplicate. (B) Means ± SEM for βCTF and Aβ40 in at least three independent experiments analyzed in duplicate. Data for at least three experiments (mean ± SEM) were compared (GraphPad Prism ver. 4.0) with the control conditions (no drug). ∗∗, P < 0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.001; one-tailed Student's t test, 95% significance level.