Aleurone cells in nondormant Col Arabidopsis seeds vacuolate prior to germination. A, Schematic of an Arabidopsis seed illustrating the four regions of the aleurone layer where the number of PSVs per cell was quantified. In this illustration, the embryo is shaded in gray. Typical images of aleurone cells shortly after imbibition (B) and shortly after germination (C), where cells in B have many PSVs per cell but cells in C have only one. D, Quantification of PSV number 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after seed imbibition. R, Root; H, hypocotyl; PC, proximal end of cotyledons; DC, distal end of cotyledons. Data in D are means of 32 to 266 cells. sds in D range from 4.21 to 7.19, and error bars have been omitted for clarity.